University of Southern California Department of Biomedical Engineering The USC Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering USC
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Gerald E. Loeb, M.D.

Professor of Biomedical Engineering

Deputy Director of the BMES ERC Neural prosthetics, neurophysiology and computer modeling of sensory-motor control systems.

Office: DRB B10
Phone: (213) 821-1112
Fax: (213) 821-1120
Email: mailto:gloeb@usc.edu
MDDE Webpage
BMES ERC Webpage

 
 
Selected Publications
 
 
 
Musculoskeletal Physiology and Modeling
 
Mileusnic, M.P., and Loeb, G.E.  Force estimation from ensembles of Golgi tendon organs.  J. Neural Eng. 6:1-15, 2009.

Cheng, E.J. and Loeb, G.E.  On the Use of Musculoskeletal Models to Interpret Motor Control Strategies from Performance Data.  Journal Neural Engineering 5:232-253, 2008.

Song, D., Lan, N., Loeb, G.E. and Gordon, J.  Model-based sensorimotor integration for multi-joint control:  Development of a virtual arm model.  Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 36(6):1033--1048, 2008. 

Song, D., Raphael, G. Lan, N. and Loeb, G.E.  Computationally Efficient Models of Neuromuscular Recruitment and Mechanics.  Journal of Neural Engineering. 5:175-184, 2008. 

Hauschild, M., Davoodi, R. and Loeb, G.E.  A Virtual Reality Environment for Designing and Fitting Neural Prosthetic Limbs.  IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and rehabilitation Engineering, 15(1):9-15, 2007.

Davoodi, R., Urata, C., Hauschild, M., Khachani, M., Loeb, G.E.  Model-Based Development of Neural Prostheses for Movement.  IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 54:11):1909-1918, 2007.
 
Mileusnic,M.P., Brown,I.E., Lan,N. and Loeb,G.E. Mathematical models of proprioceptors: I. Control and transduction in the muscle spindle. J Neurophysiol. 96:1772-1788, 2006.
 
Mileusnic,M.P. and Loeb,G.E. Mathematical models of proprioceptors: II. Structure and function of the Golgi tendon organ. J Neurophysiol. 96: 1789-1802, 2006.

Loeb, G.E. and Davoodi, R.  The Functional Reanimation of Paralyzed Limbs.  IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 24(5):45-51, 2005.
 
Davoodi R, Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Advanced modeling environment for developing and testing FES control systems. Med Engng& Physics 25:3-9, 2003.

Dupont Salter, A.-C., Richmond, F.J.R. and Loeb, G.E.  Effects of Muscle Immobilization at Different Lengths on Tetrodotoxin-induced Disuse Atrophy.  IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. Rehab. Engng., 11:209-217, 2003.

Dupont Salter, A.-C., Richmond, F.J.R. and Loeb, G.E.  Prevention of Muscle Disuse Atrophy by Low-frequency Electrical Stimulation in Rats.  IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. Rehab. Engng., 11:218-226, 2003.
 
 
Loeb, G.E., Brown, I.E., Lan, N. and Davoodi, R. The importance of biomechanics. Adv. Exper. Med. Biol.508: 481-487, 2002.
 
Dupont, A.-C., Sauerbrei, E. E., Fenton, P. V., Shragge, P. C., Loeb, G. E. and Richmond, F. J. R. Real-Time Sonography to Estimate Muscle Thickness: Comparison with MRI and CT. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 23(4):230-236, 2001.

Corneil, B.D.,Olivier, E., Richmond, F.J.R., Loeb, G.E. and Munoz, D.P.  Neck Muscles in the Rhesus Monkey. II. Electromyographic Patterns of Activation Underlying Postures and Movements.  J. Neurophysiol, 86:1729-1749, 2001.

Loeb, G.E.  Learning from the Spinal Cord.  J. Physiol. (London), 533:111-117, 2001.
 
Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E.  A reductionist approach to creating and using neuromusculoskeletal models.  Chapter in:  Biomechanics and Neuro-Control of Posture and Movement, (Eds.) J. Winters and P. Crago, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000, pp 148-163. 

Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle: III. The effects of stimulus frequency on stretch-induced force enhancement and shortening-induced force depression. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motility, 21:21-31, 2000.
 
Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle: IV. The dynamics of activation and deactivation. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motility, 21:33-47, 2000.
 
Cheng, E., Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Virtual Muscle: A computational approach to understanding the effects of muscle properties on motor control. J. Neurosci. Methods, 101:117-130, 2000.

Loeb, G.E.  Overcomplete Musculature or Underspecified Tasks?  Motor Control, 4:81-83, 2000.

Singh, K., Richmond, F.J.F. and Loeb, G.E.  Recruitment Properties of Intramuscular and Nerve-trunk Stimulating Electrodes.  IEEE-Trans. Rehab. Engng., 83(3):276-285, 2000.
 
 
 
Loeb, G.E, Brown, I.E and Cheng, E. A hierarchical foundation for models of sensorimotor control. Exp. Brain Res.126: 1-18, 1999.
 
Brown, I.E., Kim, D.H. and Loeb, G.E. The effect of sarcomere length on triad location in intact feline caudofemoralis muscle fibers. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motility, 19:473-477, 1998.
 
Brown, I.E., Satoda, T., Richmond, F.J.R. and Loeb, G.E. Feline caudofemoralis muscle: Muscle fiber properties, architecture and motor innervation. Exp. Brain Res. 121:76-91, 1998.
 
Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Post-activation potentiation - a clue for simplifying models of muscle dynamics. Amer. Zool. 38:743-754, 1998.
 
Brown, I.E., Scott, S.H. and Loeb, G.E. Mechanics of feline soleus: II. Design and validation of a mathematical model. J. Muscle Research and Cell Motility 17:221-233, 1996.
 
 
Scott, S.H., Brown, I.E. and Loeb, G.E. Mechanics of feline soleus: I. Effect of fascicle length and velocity on force output. J. Muscle Research and Cell Motility 17:205-218, 1996.
 
Loeb, G.E. What can we expect from models of motor control? Behav. & Brain Sci., 18(4):767-768, 1995.
 
 
 
Young, R.P., Scott, S.H. and Loeb, G.E. The distal hindlimb musculature of the cat: Multiaxis moment arms at the ankle joint. Exp. Brain Res. 96:141-151, 1993.

Blaszczyk, J. and Loeb, G.E.  Why Cats Pace on the Treadmill.  Physiol. & Behav., 53:501-507, 1993.
 
Heckman, C.J., Weytjens, J.L.F. and Loeb, G.E. Effect of velocity and mechanical history on the forces of motor units in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. J. Neurophysiol. 68:1503-1515, 1992.
 
Loeb, G.E. Past the equilibrium point. Behav. & Brain Sci., 15:774-775, 1992.
 
 
Young, R.P., Scott, S.H. and Loeb, G.E. An intrinsic mechanism to stabilize posture - joint-angle-dependent moment arms of the feline ankle muscles. Neurosci. Lett. 145:137-140, 1992.
 
He, Jiping, Levine, W.S. and Loeb, G.E. Feedback gains for correcting small perturbations to standing posture. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 36:322-332, 1991.

Chanaud, C.M., Pratt, C.A. and Loeb, G.E.  Functionally Complex Muscles of the Cat Hindlimb.  II.  Mechanical and Architectural Heterogeneity Within the Biceps Femoris.  Experimantal Brain Research, 85:257-270, 1991.

Chanaud, C.M., Pratt, C.A. and Loeb, G.E.  Functionally Complex Muscles of the Cat Hindlimb.  V.  The Roles of Histochemical Fiber-type Regionalization and Mechanical Heterogeneity in Differential Muscle Activation.  Experimental Brain Research, 85:300-313, 1991.
 
Engstrom, C.M., Loeb, G.E., Reid, J.G., Forrest, W.J. and Avruch, L.  Morphometry of the Human Thigh Muscles.  A Comparison Between Anatomic Sections and Computer Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Images.  J. Anat., 176:139-156, 1991.

Gordon, D.C., Loeb, G.E. and Richmond, F.J.R.  Distribution of Motoneurons Supplying Cat Sartorius and Tensor Fasciae Latae, Demonstrated by Retrograde Multiple-labeling Methods.  J. Comp. Neurol., 304:357-373, 1991.

He, J., Levine, W.S. and Loeb, G.E.  Feedback Gains for Correcting Small Perturbations to Standing Posture.  IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, 36:322-332, 1991.

Pratt, C.A., and Loeb, G.E.  Functionally Complex Muscles of the Cat Hindlimb.  I.  Patterns of Activation Across Sartorius.  Experimental Brain Research, 85:243-256, 1991.

Pratt, C.A., Chanaud, C.M. and Loeb, G.E.  Functionally Complex Muscles of the Cat Hindlimb.  IV.  Intramuscular Distribution of Movement Command Signals and Cutaneous Reflexes in Broad Bifunctional Thigh Muscles.  Experimental Brain Research, 85:281-299, 1991.
 
Gans, C., Loeb, G.E. and de Vree, F. Architecture and consequent physiological properties of the semitendinosus muscle in domestic goats. J. Morphology, 199:287-297, 1989.
 
Loeb, G.E. and Richmond, F.J.R. Motor partitioning: Epiphenomena masquerading as control theory. Behav. & Brain Sci., 12:660-661, 1989.

Loeb, G.E., He, J. and Levine, W.S.  Spinal Cord Circuits:  Are They Mirrors of Musculoskeletal Mechanics?  J. Motor Behavior, 21:473-491.
 
Loeb, G.E., Pratt, C.A., Chanaud, C.M. and Richmond, F.J.R. Distribution and innervation of short, interdigitated muscle fibers in parallel-fibered muscles of the cat hindlimb. J. Morph. 191:1-15, 1987.

Channaud, C.M., Pratt, C.A. and Loeb, G.E.  A Multiple-contact ENG Recording Array for Mapping Single Muscle Unit Territories.  J. Neurosci. Meth., 21:105:112, 1987.

Loeb, G.E.  Restoring Motor Function through Electrical Stimulation.  MS Quart. Rep., 6:47-50, 1987.
 
 
 
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